Tips On Buying 
A Computer 
 
 

Welcome to the brave new world of home computers.

This document is aimed at simplifying computers for those of you who are hovering at the sidelines, afraid to jump in.

First of all, take comfort in the fact that you are hardly alone. Although Americans are now spending more money on computers than color TV sets, half of all households still don't have a computer.

If you feel you can't put off getting a computer much longer, but the thought of shopping for one intimidates you, this brochure should arm you with enough basic concepts and terms to get you started.

And while you're shopping, remember this: You are in the driver's seat, not the computer, not the salesperson. Stay focused on getting a system that will work for you and suit your needs. 

BUYING A COMPUTER

To get over purchase paralysis, start by asking yourself one basic question: What do you want to use a computer for? Do you want it to help balance your checkbook, access encyclopedias, design graphics, play games, educate your children, track investments, access your work from home? Next, prioritize your wish list.
 
  • SOME BASICS

    • Hardware And Software

     A computer is made up of two parts: the hardware and the software. Each is useless without the other. Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer (such as the base unit, monitor, and keyboard). Software (or program) refers to the instructions that tell the computer what to do.

    Let's talk hardware first. You'll have to choose between two types: an Apple Macintosh or an IBM-compatible personal computer. IBM-compatibles are sold under brand names such as IBM, Compaq, Gateway 2000, and Dell. You'll find most computer users are fiercely loyal to one type or the other. Many people find the Apple Macintosh easier to use. IBM-compatibles are generally less expensive, but make sure you know what you're getting or not getting for your money.

    If you've tried out both types of computers and are still having a hard time deciding between an Apple or IBM-compatible, you may want to go with the latest model of the type of system you have at work or your children use at school.

    You may also want to base your decision on what type of software you'll be using most. For instance, word processing or graphics or multimedia.

    There are three things to look for in a computer: power, storage and efficiency. In each case, the more you have, the better.
     

  • THREE THINGS TO LOOK FOR

    • Power: This resides in a small silicon chip called the microprocessor The microprocessor is often called the brain of the computer. It executes the instructions in a program. The faster the microprocessor, the faster the computer can execute your instructions.

    Microprocessor Recommendation:
    For IBM-compatibles: The Intel Pentium III microprocessor with at least 500 megahertz.
    Non-gamers or graphics designers could get by with at least a Intel Celeron 433 megahertz and save some money. (Megahertz represents the speed of the microprocessor.)

    Storage: That's what the hard drive is for. It stores information in your computer. Like closets in a home, you can never have too much storage space. Storage space in a computer is measured in megabytes, and generally ranges from 3200 to 30000 megabytes (3.2 Gig to 30 Gig).

    Hard Drive Recommendation:
    At least 8 gigabyte (8.0 or 8.4 GB HD is the way it appears on the label or in the ads.) A 13 GB HD would be quite ample.

    Efficiency: This is where RAM or Random Access Memory comes in. Information has to be moved from permanent storage into a work area called Random Access Memory so that the computer can execute a program. Think of RAM as a temporary storage area for particular pieces of information required by the computer at a given moment. The more RAM you have, the faster your computer will work because it has more information at its disposal. For example, having more RAM makes it easier to use more than one program at a time. RAM is also measured in megabytes.

    RAM Recommendation:
    At least 64 megabytes (64 MB RAM) for a Pentium or Power Mac.  128 MB would be ideal.
     

  • WHAT ELSE?

    • Strongly consider a CD-ROM drive (be sure to get at least a 32x-speed). That will enable you to play those compact discs which contain tons of information with video and sound. You can also play audio CDs on your computer.

    You will also likely need a printer, so you can print out your materials.  Laser printers are usually faster and are better for heavy use, but print mainly in black and white..  If you want color check into an ink jet printer.

    Don't forget a modem, which allows your computer to communicate over the phone. That will enable you to send and receive faxes and go on-line so you can communicate with people worldwide and use the internet's many resources.

    To make life easy, CD-ROM drives, printers, and modems are already built in or pre-bundled with many computers now being sold. Software programs are often included as well.
     

  • SOFTWARE

    • The selection of software available now is astounding. The number of titles has tripled in the last 18 months. Some stores or computer consultants will let you try out some software so you can find out what suits your needs and preferences. Also ask friends and co-workers if you can experiment with their software on their machines.

    Keep in mind that the more difficult software programs are those that provide more sophisticated uses. So if your needs are simple, buying a more limited software program may be the way to go.

    Some popular software:

    To write letters: 
    Microsoft Word, Claris Works, WordPerfect.

    For personal finance: 
    Quicken, Microsoft Money.

    For spreadsheets:
    Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3.

    For education: 
    Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, Reader Rabbit.

    For fun: 
    Quake, Dark Forces, Rebel Assault II, Doom, MechWarrior..

    ***It's often recommended that you shop for software before you buy your computer hardware. That will help you get a good sense of how you would actually use a computer at home.

    Also, software boxes will specify exactly what type of compter hardware you'll need to run that program.
     

  • PRICE

    • The average home personal computer last year cost $1200. A good computer with all the components mentioned above will cost you between $1600 and $3000. Most name brand companies offer a three-year warranty. Make sure the warranty offers on-site service at least within the first year.
     
  • OBSOLESCENCE

    • Perhaps the biggest fear in buying a home computer is that it will be obsolete within a year. If you shop wisely, your computer system should serve you well for three, even five years. The problem is technology keeps changing and a lot of the newer software being developed require more poweful machines. To get the most out of the computer you buy, make sure it's upgradable.
     
  • TO AVOID UNNECESSARY ANGUISH

    • Consider getting these three additional items:

    A Surge Protector: It prevents electrical surges and spikes from wreaking havoc with your computer system. 

    Uninterruptible Power Supply: If your electrical power goes off, it will enable you to shut down your computer safely. 

    Tape Backup: If you lose a valuable piece of information, this will help you recover that information.

    NOW THAT YOU HAVE YOUR COMPUTER...

    Getting Started

     Some say getting started is actually the hardest part. Unfortunately, it's not as simple as plugging in your computer and jumping right in. First of all, don't expect to master your new computer overnight. You may find that you're very slow at first. Your tasks may take longer in the beginning with a computer than without. But don't be discouraged. This is something that requires time and patience.

    As you get started, you'll have to understand your software, beginning with your system software, which is also called the operating system. That's the master control program that runs the computer (such as DOS or Disk Operating System, Mac OS, or Windows 95/98).

    You'll also have to learn about applications software. These are the programs that process various data and allow you to do work, play games, sort out your finances, write letters, etc.

    Many of these programs do not lead you step-by-step. You'll have to rely on reference manuals or other instructional tools, such as books and videos that are out in the marketplace.

    Don't be afraid to experiment with your computer. You can't hurt it. If you mess up a data file, you can always start over.

    If You Run Into A Problem...

     And you will! It could be the combination of computer hardware and software that's causing the problem. There is a proliferation of products on the marketplace and not all of them work together. If your computer freezes for no apparent reason or when you execute a program, it could be the result of conflict among your computer components.

    Where To Turn For Help

    • Call the store where you bought your computer.

      •  
    • Call the manufacturer's toll-free help line, but be prepared for a long wait. People tell us they've had to wait up to 90 minutes.

      •  
    • Call friends or colleagues who are familiar with the computer and software you're using.

      •  
    • Sign up for computer classes offered by colleges and some stores.

      •  
    • Seek out user groups. These are groups of fellow computer owners who are a good source of help. User groups are listed in publications like "Computer Currents", or you can call (914)876-6678 (The Association of PC User Groups) or (800)SOS-APPLE (for Macintosh owners).

      •  
    • Hire a consultant or tutor.

      •  
    Now that we've given you some basic guidelines to get started, please remember above all to be patient with yourself. You will be confronted by frustrating moments, but that will be offset by a whole new world your computer will introduce you to.

    As Newsweek magazine recently wrote, "Buying a computer is a little like having a baby. There's no perfect time, and no matter what decision you make, you're bound to lose some sleep over it. But your life will never be the same."

    Further Sources

     Magazines such as Home PC, Wired, Computer Shoppers Guide, Family PC, Macworld, MacUser, PC Magazine, Multimedia World.

    Books such as 'How Computers Work' and 'PC Magazine's Computer Buyer's Guide,' (both published by Ziff-Davis) and Microsoft Press' Step-by-Step books, such as 'Microsoft Word Step-by-Step.'